Have you ever had a runny nose that just won’t go away? If you have, you likely wondered if you were experiencing allergies or something else, like a sinus infection. It can be tricky to tell them apart, especially during the springtime when pollen is in the air.
That’s why we’re here with the information you need to feel whole all year round. Read on to learn more about allergies and sinus infections, including their differences and how to manage your symptoms.
What Are Allergies?
Allergies happen when our body’s immune system reacts to an unknown substance called an allergen. Our immune system then makes an antibody called immunoglobulin E (lgE), which responds to the allergens, thus causing an allergic reaction. Allergens are typically harmless to most people, but for some, they can be life-threatening. Allergies can arise from a variety of reasons, including:
- Food
- nsects
- Latex
- Medications
- Mold
- Pet dander
- Pollen
What Are Sinus Infections?
On the other hand, sinus infections happen when fluid builds up in our sinus cavities, allowing germs to grow. When you have a sinus infection, it's typical for your sinuses to swell, causing congestion. Viruses are the main culprits of sinus infections; however, bacteria can cause some sinus infections, too.
Clearing the Confusion Between Allergies and Sinus Infections
For many, it can be difficult to know whether they’re experiencing allergies or a sinus infection. The reason is that symptoms overlap, and they both affect our immune system.
Allergy symptoms can include:
- Runny nose
- Congestion
- Skin rashes
- Sneezing
- Itchy, watery, or red eyes
- Cough
- Wheezing
- Headache
Symptoms of a sinus infection can include:
- Runny nose
- Congestion
- Mucus dripping down the throat (post-nasal drip)
- Cough
- Facial pain or pressure
- Fever or chills
- Sore throat
- Ear discomfort
The best way to tell them apart is by noticing the symptoms. It’s likely allergies if you have itchy, watery eyes; these symptoms rarely accompany sinus infections. Facial pressure, loss of smell and discolored mucus are key indicators of a sinus infection. However, if you can’t figure out what you’re experiencing, visit your primary care provider as soon as possible to receive proper care.
How You Can Manage and Treat Symptoms
Avoiding allergens is the best way to treat allergies. Those who are unable to control symptoms by avoiding allergens are good candidates for medications. Oral medications and/or nasal sprays are used to treat allergies. People with severe allergies should always carry their medication on them in case they experience a sudden reaction.
Sinus infections can be treated in various ways. The best treatment depends on if the infection is viral or bacterial. Viral infections can be treated symptomatically with over-the-counter remedies. These include over-the-counter cold and allergy medications, nasal rinses and nasal sprays. Some viruses are treated with antiviral medications, so it is important to get tested when you're feeling sick.
Bacterial infections on the other hand are treated with antibiotics. Antibiotics won't work for viral infections. Both viruses and bacterial sinus infections are very contagious. Preventing the spread of germs that cause sinus infections involves regularly washing your hands, wearing a mask, avoiding close contact with those who are sick and receiving recommended vaccinations. You have more control over allergies and sinus infections than you may think.
About the Author
Nicholas Auriemma, MD, is a Primary Care Family Medicine Physician who believes in treating patients with empathy and compassion and in providing comprehensive, quality healthcare. His office is located 2434 S. Wolf Road in Westchester. Call 708-562-5430 to schedule an appointment.
