Menopause is a natural and universal part of a woman’s life. Still, the journey through it can be vastly different for each woman. Some women experience the transition with only minor discomfort, while others find the symptoms disruptive or even debilitating. Understanding what to expect and how to manage the changes can help women move through this phase with confidence and clarity.
What Is Menopause?
Menopause marks the end of a woman’s reproductive years, beginning after 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period. The average age of menopause is 52, although it can occur anytime between the ages of 45 and 55. The path to menopause includes three phases: perimenopause, menopause and postmenopause.
What Is Perimenopause?
Perimenopause typically begins in a woman’s mid- to late-40s. This period of transition can last up to several years and is marked by fluctuating hormone levels such as estrogen, progesterone and testosterone, which can cause various physical and emotional symptoms. Symptoms may include irregular periods, hot flashes, mood swings, difficulty sleeping, decreased libido and changes in vaginal and bladder health. Some women may notice body changes such as weight gain and or reduced muscle tone. Notably, even if menstrual cycles become irregular, pregnancy is still possible during perimenopause.
Physical Symptoms
Hot flashes and night sweats are among the most common symptoms, affecting up to 75% of perimenopausal women. These sudden surges of heat can be uncomfortable and disruptive. You can manage hot flashes and night sweats with lifestyle changes such as dressing in breathable layers, drinking cold water, maintaining a cool sleep environment and avoiding common triggers like caffeine and spicy foods. Relaxation techniques, including deep breathing, can also provide relief.
Vaginal dryness and urinary incontinence are prominent symptoms of perimenopause and menopause. Vaginal dryness can lead to pain during intercourse and an increased risk of bladder infections. Strengthening pelvic floor muscles through Kegel exercises may help, and some women benefit from pelvic floor physical therapy. Over-the-counter lubricants or prescription vaginal creams such as estrogen cream can help improve these symptoms.
Emotional Symptoms
The emotional toll of menopause can be just as impactful. Hormonal changes may contribute to insomnia, irritability, mood swings and even memory issues. Additionally, life stressors such as aging parents, growing children or shifting career goals can worsen mood swings and memory issues. Developing healthy sleep habits and adherence to good sleep hygiene, such as maintaining a consistent bedtime, avoiding late-night caffeine, and reducing or eliminating screen time, can help improve rest and emotional well-being.
Symptom Relief
While many women find symptom relief through lifestyle changes, others may consider medical treatments. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is an option to reduce the frequency and severity of hot flashes, night sweats, and vaginal dryness. However, HRT does carry risks, including increased chances of blood clots, heart disease and breast cancer. Therefore, discussing the benefits and risks with your women’s health provider is essential. For women who prefer or are limited to non-hormonal options, there are a variety of options available to target their specific concerns.
Although many of the symptoms mentioned above subside over time, health risks such as heart disease and osteoporosis increase during the postmenopausal period due to diminished estrogen levels. Regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and routine checkups can help manage these risks and support long-term wellness.
Whole-Person Health Care for Every Woman
At UChicago Medicine AdventHealth, we believe menopause should not be seen as a disruption, but as a meaningful chapter in a woman’s life. With the right care and support, every woman can face this transition with strength and grace.
Dr. Xiao Michelle Huang, OBGYN
Specializing in menopause, family planning, adolescent gynecology, obstetrical care
fibroid treatment, and gynecologic surgery, Dr. Huang is accepting new patients at her offices in Hinsdale and Woodridge. For more information and to schedule an appointment, please call Call630-969-7706.
